Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading cause of death worldwide, despite advances in medical knowledge and technology. One of the critical tools in the early detection and management of CAD is the coronary artery scan, also known as coronary calcium scan or heart scan. This non-invasive test plays a crucial role in evaluating the risk of heart attacks before symptoms arise. Here’s a detailed look at what the test is, how it is performed, what it looks for, and what the results signify.

What is a Coronary Artery Scan?

A coronary artery scan is an imaging test that uses computed tomography (CT) to check for calcium deposits in the coronary arteries—the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. These calcium deposits are indicative of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of plaques in the artery walls that can restrict blood flow or lead to blood clots.

How is the Coronary Artery Scan Performed?

The procedure is straightforward and quick, generally taking only about 10 to 15 minutes. During the test, the patient lies on a table that slides into a CT scanner, a large, doughnut-shaped machine. It is essential that the patient remains very still and may be asked to hold their breath for a few seconds to ensure clear images are captured. The scanner then takes multiple images of the heart, allowing for a detailed view of the coronary arteries.

No injections or dyes are typically required, making the test less invasive than other imaging techniques like angiography. Since the test involves exposure to radiation, albeit a small amount, it is not recommended for pregnant women or performed routinely on individuals at low risk of coronary artery disease.

What Does the Scan Look For?

The primary aim of the coronary artery scan is to identify and quantify calcified plaque in the coronary arteries. The presence of calcium is an early sign of coronary artery disease. Calcified plaque results from the hardening and inflammation in the arteries, indicating atherosclerosis. This condition can narrow the arteries or become the potential site for clot formation, which can eventually lead to a heart attack.

Interpreting the Results: What Do They Mean?

The outcome of a coronary artery scan is expressed as a calcium score. This score reflects the extent of calcification found in the coronary arteries. Here’s a basic guideline to understanding the results:

1. Score of 0: No detectable plaque. Low risk of coronary artery disease.
2. Score of 1-100: Mild plaque deposition. Generally considered low to moderate risk of developing heart disease.
3. Score of 101-400: Moderate amount of plaque. Moderate to high risk of heart attack.
4. Score above 400: Extensive plaque. High to very high risk of heart attack.

It is important to note that a high calcium score does not necessarily mean an individual will have a heart attack but indicates a higher risk. Conversely, a low calcium score does not guarantee a person will never have heart trouble, but the risk is significantly lower.

It’s even more important to note the total calcium score is the sum of the arteries of the heart (LM, LAD, LCx & RCA) so to find true risk you must look at the results per artery.   For example a total calcium score of 900 would be considered high to very high risk, but when looking at each artery individually you may see results like this: 

• LM: 3
• LAD: 352
• LCx: 235
• RCA: 310

In this example the LAD, LCx and RCA arteries are calcified, with the most calcification in the LAD, followed by the RCA followed by the LCx.  Despite the total score of 900 being high to very high, the arteries themselves fall in teh category of moderate to high (still work paying attention to and correcting, but now the risk is lowered)

Terminology Key: LM = Left Main Coronary Artery, LAD = Left Anterior Descending Artery (“widow maker”), LCx = Left Circumflex Artery, RCA = Right Collateral Artery)

Coronary artery scans are a valuable tool for assessing the risk of heart disease, especially in individuals who have risk factors but no symptoms. The test provides crucial information that can help healthcare providers recommend lifestyle changes, medications, or further testing. For anyone concerned about their heart health, discussing the potential benefits of a coronary artery scan with their healthcare provider is a prudent step towards proactive cardiac care.

By understanding what the coronary artery scan entails and what its results can signify, patients can better navigate their options and take informed steps towards maintaining heart health.

My results are High, What Can I Do Naturally To Lower My Calcium Score?
Here are 8 of the most cited methods to lower your coronary arteries calcium score based on published research:

1. Vitamin K2: Essential for directing calcium into bones and away from arteries. It activates proteins that bind calcium to the bone, thus preventing its deposition in the arteries. Regular supplementation of Vitamin K2, in combination with Vitamin D3, has shown potential in reducing coronary artery calcification. (Reference)
   
   
2. Vitamin D3: This vitamin has anti-inflammatory properties that can protect the lining of blood vessels from damage, which in turn can help to reduce calcification. It is often recommended to combine Vitamin D3 with Vitamin K2 to ensure calcium is properly utilized and deposited in the bones rather than in the arteries. (Reference)
   
   
3. Magnesium: Magnesium helps prevent the movement of calcium into cells, which can reduce arterial calcification. Supplementing with magnesium has been shown to dissolve existing calcium deposits in the blood vessels, thus supporting cardiovascular health. (Reference)
   
   
4. Dietary Changes: Eating a heart-healthy diet that includes foods high in Vitamin K2 (like grass-fed dairy and fermented foods), and magnesium-rich foods (such as nuts and seeds) can be beneficial. Reducing intake of processed foods and sugars, and increasing antioxidants through fruits and vegetables, can help manage inflammation and prevent further arterial calcification. (Reference) (Reference)
   
   
5. Physical Exercise: Regular physical activity, including both aerobic and resistance exercises, can improve blood circulation, reduce arterial stiffness, and potentially help in breaking down calcium deposits in the arteries. (Reference)
   
   
6. Extended Fasting: There is emerging evidence that fasting, particularly prolonged durations like a 72-hour fast, might help reduce coronary calcification. The theory is that fasting could lead the body to utilize fat stores and possibly mobilize and reduce arterial plaque, including calcifications. (Reference)
   
   
7. Sun Exposure: Adequate exposure to sunlight enables the body to produce Vitamin D naturally, which is crucial for managing calcium levels in the body and reducing inflammation associated with arterial calcification. (Reference)
   
   
8. Magnesium EDTA Chelation: EDTA, especially when combined with magnesium, helps reduce arterial stiffness and improve blood flow by removing calcium from the arteries. One of the more significant studies regarding chelation therapy for heart disease is the TACT (Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy) sponsored by the National Institutes of Health. The study, published in 2013, investigated the effects of disodium EDTA chelation therapy on cardiovascular events in patients who had previously suffered from myocardial infarction (heart attack).  OTC EDTA is available via a product called Medicardium, a once every 3 day suppository 

These methods provide a holistic approach to managing cardiovascular health, focusing on natural interventions that promote a healthy balance of minerals in the body to lower and even prevent the progression of arterial calcification.

For more specific guidance and to ensure these methods are suitable for individual health conditions, consulting with a holistic / functional healthcare provider is recommended.